Particles are the fundamental building blocks of matter, crucial for our physical world. At the smallest scale, matter consists of atoms, which are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus, held together by the strong nuclear force, while electrons orbit around the nucleus in various energy levels. Protons have a positive charge, electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral, contributing to atomic stability.
Beyond atoms, particle physics introduces various subatomic particles, including quarks, which combine to form protons and neutrons, as well as neutrinos and bosons that play significant roles in the universe. For instance, the Higgs boson is essential for understanding how particles acquire mass.
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